Russell 2000 (RUT)

Intro to Options on the Russell 2000 (RUT) Index
The January Effect and Russell 2000 Options Strategy
Contract Specifications for Russell 2000 Options
Component Stocks for Russell 2000
Price Charts for the Russell 2000
Russell 2000 Index Options Pamphlet
Comments from an Institutional Customer


For more up-to-date information on options on the Russell 2000 (RUT), please visit http://www.cboe.com/rut/


Intro to Options on the Russell 2000 (RUT) Index

RUT is the symbol for options based on the Russell 2000 (RUT) Index, a leading benchmark for the performance of small-capitalization stocks. Options on the Russell 2000 have a $100 multiplier, so that, for example, if the Russell 2000 price is at 480, an investor might consider hedging a $48,000 small-cap portfolio with one RUT option.

The Russell 2000 Index was created in 1984 by Frank Russell Company and was designed to track the performance of small-cap companies. RUT options, trading exclusively at the Chicago Board Options Exchange®, make it simple to participate in the small-cap market.

The popularity of the Russell 2000 as a small-cap benchmark leads to four fundamental reasons for using RUT options:


Simplicity

Investors are able to trade a broad market by making one RUT trading decision rather than making the many decisions involved with investing in numerous individual stocks.


Insurance

Russell 2000 options offer a convenient and easy way to help reduce the market risk of a broad market portfolio of many small-cap stocks, without disrupting the make-up of the portfolio.


Predetermined Risk

RUT option purchasers risk only the premium they pay for the option. The risk is both known and limited.


Leverage

Purchasing RUT options, instead of buying or selling thousands of individual stocks, provides an investor with an additional opportunity to use investment capital elsewhere. For a relatively small percentage gain in the underlying index, a DJX option can increase in value by a multiple of that gain, assuming the correct option series was selected.


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The January Effect and Russell 2000 Options Strategy
Russell 2000 options can be used to change an investor's exposure to small-cap stocks throughout the calendar year. In light of the January effect (described below) there may be some particularly interesting applications of Russell 2000 options near the end of the calendar year.

The "January effect" refers to the phenomenon in which many securities, and particularly stocks of smaller companies, have enjoyed higher rates of return in January than in any other month. The effect was first suggested in 1942, and widely publicized in the past 25 years by scholarly articles and a popular book entitled The Incredible January Effect: The Stock Market's Unsolved Mystery, by Robert A. Haugen and Josef Lakonishok. From 1926 through 1989, the smallest 10% of all stocks (or "10th decile") beat the rest of the market by an average of 9.4 percentage points in the month of January. Perhaps due in part to publicity and anticipation of the effect, the effect weakened slightly in the 1990s, but small stocks still outperformed by an annual average of 5.8 percentage points.

Some evidence suggests that, in the past decade, some investors might have purchased small-capitalization stocks in December in anticipation of the January effect - for example, the price of the Russell 2000 (RUT) index of small-cap stocks rose in every December from 1987 to 2000.

For an example of how options on the Russell 2000 (SPX) Index can be used in light of the January effect, please click on:
Bullish - Russell 2000 Calls and January Effect BU.5

For more information on some of the many ways in which listed options can help you manage your equity portfolio, please visit:
http://www.cboe.com/strategies/
http://www.cboe.com/protection


Profit-and-loss Diagrams for Different Strategies
Long Call
Long Put


Example: Buy call
Market outlook: Bullish

Risk: Limited
Reward: Unlimited
Increase in Volatility: Helps position
Time Erosion: Hurts Position


Example: Buy put
Market outlook: Bearish

Risk: Limited
Reward: Limited, but substantiated
Increase in Volatility: Helps position
Time Erosion: Hurts Position
Call Backspread
Put Backspread


Example: Sell 1 call and buy 2 calls at higher strike
Market outlook: Bullish

Risk: Limited
Reward: Unlimited
Increase in Volatility: Typically helps position
Time Erosion: Typically hurts Position


Example: Sell 1 put and buy 2 puts at a lower strike
Market outlook: Bearish

Risk: Limited
Reward: Limited, but substantial
Increase in Volatility: Typically helps position
Time Erosion: Typically hurts Position
Protective Put
Bear Split-Strike Combo


Example: Own 100 shares of stock, buy 1 put
Market outlook: Cautiously Bullish

Risk: Limited
Reward: Unlimited
Increase in Volatility: Helps position
Time Erosion: Hurts Position
Graph shows net stock and options position


Example: Buy 1 put, sell 1 call at higher strike
Market outlook: Bearish

Risk: Unlimited
Reward: Limited, but substantial
Increase in Volatility or Time Erosion: Helps or hurts depending on strikes chosen

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Contract Specifications for Russell 2000® Index Options

Symbol:
RUT

Underlying:
The Russell 2000® Index is a capitalization-weighted index of domestic equities traded on the NYSE, AMEX and NASDAQ. The index represents the bottom 2,000 companies from a universe of the 3,000 largest stocks in the U.S. It is considered a benchmark of the U.S. small-capitalization market. Shares are adjusted for cross- ownership. The index composition is adjusted once per year ([June) to reflect changes in rankings and shares outstanding. The component stocks are weighted according to the total market value of their outstanding shares. The impact of a component's price change is proportional to the issue's total market value, which is the share price times the number of shares outstanding. These are summed for all 2,000 stocks and divided by a predetermined base value. The base value is adjusted to reflect changes in capitalization resulting from mergers, acquisitions, stock rights, substitutions, etc.

Multiplier:
$100.

Strike Price Intervals:
5 points.

Strike (Exercise) Prices:
In-, at- and out-of-the-money strike prices are initially listed. New series are generally added when the underlying trades through the highest or lowest strike price available.

Premium Quotation:
Stated in decimals. One point equals $100. Minimum tick for options trading below 3.00 is 0.05 ($5.00) and for all other series, 0.10 ($10.00).

Expiration Date:
Saturday immediately following the third Friday of the expiration month.

Expiration Months:
Generally, up to three near term months plus up to three additional months from the March quarterly cycle (March, June, September and December).

Exercise Style:
European - Russell 2000 Index options generally may be exercised only on the last business day before expiration.

Settlement of Option Exercise:
The exercise-settlement value, RLS, is calculated using the first (opening) reported sales price in the primary market of each component stock on the last business day (usually a Friday) before the expiration date. If a stock in the index does not open on the day on which the exercise-settlement value is calculated, the last reported sales price in the primary market will be used in calculating the exercise-settlement value. The exercise-settlement amount is equal to the difference between the exercise-settlement value and the exercise price of the option, multiplied by $100. Exercise will result in delivery of cash on the business day following expiration.

Position and Exercise Limits:
The aggregate position and exercise limits for Russell 2000 Index options and LEAPS are 50,000 contracts on the same side of the market with no more than 30,000 in the near-term month. (10 RUT LEAPS are equivalent to 1 RUT option contract.) An index option hedge exemption for public customers may be available for certain diversified portfolios, which may expand the position limit up to an additional 75,000 contracts. In addition, proprietary accounts of member organizations may receive an exemption up to 100,000 contracts for the purpose of facilitating public customer orders. The exercise limit is the same as the position limit.

Margin:
Purchases of puts or calls with 9 months or less until expiration must be paid for in full. Writers of uncovered puts or calls must deposit / maintain 100% of the option proceeds* plus 15% of the aggregate contract value (current index level x $100) minus the amount by which the option is out-of-the-money, if any, subject to a minimum for calls of option proceeds* plus 10% of the aggregate contract value and a minimum for puts of option proceeds* plus 10% of the aggregate exercise price amount. (*For calculating maintenance margin, use option current market value instead of option proceeds.) Additional margin may be required pursuant to Exchange Rule 12.10.

CUSIP Number:
124835

Last Trading Day:
Trading in Russell 2000 Index options will ordinarily cease on the business day (usually a Thursday) preceding the day on which the exercise-settlement value is calculated.

Trading Hours:
8:30 a.m.- 3:15 p.m. Central time (Chicago time).


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Price Charts for the Russell 2000




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Year-end Prices
Year
Dow
DJX
S&P 100
OEX
S&P 500
SPX
Russell 2000
RUT
Nasdaq-100
NDX
MNX
1990 26.34 155.22 330.22 132.2 200.53 20.05
1991 31.69 192.78 417.09 189.94 330.85 33.09
1992 33.01 198.32 435.71 221.01 360.18 36.02
1993 37.54 214.73 466.45 258.59 398.28 39.83
1994 38.34 214.32 459.27 250.36 404.27 40.43
1995 51.17 292.96 615.93 315.97 576.23 57.62
1996 64.48 359.99 740.74 362.61 821.36 82.14
1997 79.08 459.94 970.43 437.02 990.80 99.08
1998 91.81 604.03 1229.23 421.96 1836.01 183.60
1999 114.97 792.83 1469.25 504.75 3707.83 370.78
2000 107.88 686.45 1320.28 483.53 2341.70 234.17

 


Yearly Price Changes
Year
Dow
DJX
S&P 100
OEX
S&P 500
SPX
Russell 2000
RUT
Nasdaq-100
NDX
MNX
1991 20.3% 24.2% 26.3% 43.7% 65.0% 65.0%
1992 4.2% 2.9% 4.5% 16.4% 8.9% 8.9%
1993 13.7% 8.3% 7.1% 17.0% 10.6% 10.6%
1994 2.1% -0.2% -1.5% -3.2% 1.5% 1.5%
1995 33.5% 36.7% 34.1% 26.2% 42.5% 42.5%
1996 26.0% 22.9% 20.3% 14.8% 42.5% 42.5%
1997 22.6% 27.8% 31.0% 20.5% 20.6% 20.6%
1998 16.1% 31.3% 26.7% -3.4% 85.3% 85.3%
1999 25.2% 31.3% 19.5% 19.6% 102.0% 102.0%
2000 -6.2% -13.4% -10.1% -4.2% -36.8% -36.8%

Source: Bloomberg

For updated price quotes, please visit http://www.cboe.com/MktQuote/


Russell 2000 Index Options Pamphlet

For more information on Russell 2000 Index Options, please see this pamphlet or visit
http://www.cboe.com/rut.


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Comments from an Institutional Customer
"The Clifton Group is an investment management company which serves the fund sponsor community as an overlay risk manager. Our emphasis in constructing client protection programs is to produce a risk management structure which is cost effective and also satisfies the client's requirement for confidence in outcomes. Clifton finds the fulfillment of these protection management needs is best satisfied by the liquidity and price efficiency available through exchange-traded options. Client portfolios are most often hedged using the standard and FLEX index options on the S&P and Russell 2000 indexes. Exchange-traded contracts provide further benefit in that they satisfy client counter-party risk concerns in part related to the perception of high equity market risk levels and the uncertainty associated with the coming millennium. Clifton utilizes exchange-traded contracts on risk management overlay programs covering over $7 billion in assets."

Jack L. Hansen, CFA
Senior Portfolio Manager and Principal
The Clifton Group
Minneapolis, MN

For more up-to-date information on options on the Russell 2000 (RUT), also please visit http://www.cboe.com/rut/


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Options involve risk and are not suitable for all investors. Prior to buying or selling options, a person must receive a copy of Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options, which is available from The Options Clearing Corporation, One North Wacker Dr., Suite 500, Chicago, IL 60606, or by calling 1-888-OPTIONS.

Please note that futures on the CBOE Volatility Index® (VIX®) were introduced in 2004 after the methodology for VIX was changed; please visit www.cboe.com/vix for volatility updates that might not be reflected on this CD-ROM.

This discussion is designed to assist individuals in learning how options work and in understanding various options strategies. This discussion is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide investment advice. Commissions, taxes and transaction costs generally are not included in the strategy discussions, but can affect final outcome and should be considered. Please contact a tax advisor for the tax implications involved in these strategies.
This discussion has been prepared solely for informational purposes, based upon information generally available to the public from sources believed to be reliable, but no representation or warranty is given with respect to its accuracy or completeness. No statement herein should be construed as a recommendation to buy or sell a security or to provide investment advice. Any profit/loss diagrams refer only to approximate results at expiration. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

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